Abstract: Soil phosphorus reduction and heavy metal pollution are caused by excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers, the development and smelting of heavy metal minerals, sewage irrigation could bring a certain risk to the ecological environment, food security and human health. Low molecular weight organic acids in soils are active components of soil organic substances, which play an important role in soil texture, nutrient cycling and heavy metal poisoning. In order to understand the effects of low molecular weight organic acids on soil phosphorus and heavy metals release, the paper summarized the related concepts of low molecular weight organic acids and their sources, concentrations, functions and influencing factors in soil. The effects of types and concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids on the release of soil phosphorus and heavy metals have little known. The mechanism of low molecular weight organic acids on the release of soil phosphorus and heavy metals was discussed systematically. Some suggestions were put forward from three aspects to improve: The selection of low molecular weight organic acids and application amount, the mechanism of root-exuded organic acids on phosphorus and heavy metals release, low molecular weight organic acids cooperating with other substance will increase soil phosphorus availability and reduce heavy metal pollution, which provides a scientific basis and technical support for the improvement of soil phosphorus availability and remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.