Effects of Climate Warming on Soil Organic Carbon Storage from the Viewpoint of Soil Microorganism
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摘要: 土壤有机碳(SOC)是维持陆地生态系统生产力和可持续性的关键,以CO2为主的温室气体过量排放导致全球气候持续变暖,对全球SOC转化产生关键作用。微生物是SOC周转的动力,是全球变暖影响SOC储量与化学特性的关键媒介。研究发现,气候变暖导致大部分农田和森林有机碳储量下降,但草原有机碳含量升高,这可能与微生物对有机碳的异化分解和同化固定之间的权衡有关。气温升高可直接提高微生物的呼吸活性,导致真菌在土壤微生物的比例降低,而细菌所占比例升高,对土壤碳库储存产生不利影响;在永久和半永久冻土中,冻融促进土壤活性有机碳库的释放,提高了土壤微生物的碳矿化速率,导致有机碳严重的矿化流失。然而,气温升高和与之相伴的CO2浓度升高有利于植物生长,使得植物光合作用增强,向土壤中输入的有机碳增加;这些外源有机碳在微生物的作用下转化为稳定的SOC,有利于SOC累积。尽管已有大量研究,但气候变暖对SOC库的整体影响与微生物机制仍不明确。从多角度入手,深入认识气候-微生物-SOC之间的关系,有利于在全球变化的大背景下,充分发挥土壤碳汇效应,为“碳达峰”和“碳中和”提供理论与政策依据。Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the key to maintain the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. The excessive emission of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) leads to the continuous warming of the earth’s climate, which has a profound impact on global SOC. Soil microorganisms are the driving force of SOC turnover and the key agent of global warming affecting SOC storage and chemical properties. It was found that SOC storage of most cropland and forest decreased due to climate warming, but the SOC contents of grassland increased, which maybe relate to the trade-off between dissimilar decomposition and assimilation of organic carbon by microorganisms. The increase of temperature can directly improve the respiratory activities of microorganisms, leading to an increase in the proportion of fungi in soil microorganisms, but a decrease in the proportion of bacteria, which has adverse effects on carbon storage. In permafrost and semi-permafrost, freezing-thawing promoted the release of soil active carbon pools, increased the rate of soil microbial carbon mineralization, and resulted in serious loss of SOC mineralization. However, the increase in temperature and associated CO2 concentration is beneficial to plant growth, which enhances plant photosynthesis and increases the input of organic carbon into soil. Exogenous organic carbon is transformed into stable SOC under the action of microorganisms, which is beneficial to the SOC accumulation. Despite a large number of researches, the warming overall impact on the SOC and microbial mechanism is still not clear. So the relationship among the “climate - microbes – SOC” should be clarified under the background of global change, in order to provide the basis of theory and policy for “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”.
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Key words:
- Soil organic carbon /
- Climate warming /
- Concentrations of carbon dioxide /
- Microbe
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