Abstract: The cultivated land soil condition is an important embodiment of the cultivated land quality. Studying the cultivated land soil condition and its spatial distribution in Liaoning Province can clarify the cultivated land soil quality in Liaoning Province, and provide a scientific basis for the protection and improvement of the cultivated land quality and the rational utilization of cultivated land resources in this region. Based on the Third National Land Survey in Liaoning Province, the data of the soil thickness, soil texture, soil organic matter content and soil pH value were collected and analyzed from the perspective of cultivated land quality classification physical geographical pattern and administrative division by using the methods of ArcGIS and mathematical statistics. The results showed that the total area of cultivated land in Liaoning Province was 5.311 million hm², and the thickness of cultivated soil layer was less than 60 cm, accounting for 46.58% of total cultivated land area, which was generally presented a spatial distribution characteristic of “thin in the east and west, thick in the middle”. Soil texture was dominated by loam soil with an area proportion of 82.39%, showing a spatial distribution characteristic of “loam soil mainly in the east, west and north, clay and sandy soil less in the central and south respectively”. Soil organic matter content was mainly between 10 and 20 g kg⁻¹, accounting for 70.12% of total cultivated land area. Soil pH value was mainly weak acid, where distributed most between 5.5 and 6.5, accounting for 36.67% of total cultivated land area, which showed a spatial distribution characteristic of “acid in east, alkali in west and moderate in the central”. Generally, soil fertility was at a medium level, showing a spatial distribution of “high in the northeast, low in the southwest”.