Moisture Characteristics of Purple Soil in a Seasonal Arid Area in the Lower Reaches of the Jinsha River
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摘要: 土壤水分是季节性干旱区农业生产的限制因子,研究紫色土坡耕地土壤水分变化特征有助于解决坡耕地的生态水文型干旱问题。以金沙江下游季节性干旱区紫色土坡耕地为研究对象,使用PR2/6土壤剖面水分测定仪在雨季对5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°坡面10、20、30、40、60、100 cm土层的土壤体积含水量进行连续监测,分析紫色土剖面含水量变化特征。结果表明:坡耕地土壤水分随时间的变化特征可分为四个阶段:6月初至6月底为土壤水分恢复期,7月初至8月中旬为土壤水分快速补充期,8月中旬至8月底为土壤水分消耗期,9月初至9月底为土壤水分回升期。土体剖面含水量自上而下呈现逐渐增加的趋势,且各层含水量都具有显著的差异性和相关性。6个监测点最大含水量均出现在100 cm处,为19.67% ~ 33.82%,最小含水量大多出现在20 cm处,为3.07% ~ 11.71%。土壤含水量变异系数自上而下逐渐降低,10 cm处土壤含水量变异系数最大,为8.67% ~ 56.28%,100 cm处最小,为0.68% ~ 14.76%;土壤含水量随着坡度的增加总体上呈减小趋势,在0 ~ 60 cm土层,10°监测点的土壤含水量最高,为12.20% ~ 20.40%,在0 ~ 100 cm土层,25°监测点的土壤含水量较低,为4.28% ~ 19.22%。降雨和坡度对土壤含水量均有显著影响,二者对土壤含水量的影响随土层深度的增加而减弱。研究结果对紫色土坡面水资源高效利用及提高农业生产力具有重要意义。Abstract: Soil water is the limiting factor for agricultural production in seasonal arid area, so the study of moisture characteristics of Purple Soil can help solve the eco-hydrological drought problem of cultivated slope land. Taking the Purple Soil of cultivated slope land in a seasonal arid area as the research object, the PR2/6 soil profile moisture analyzer was used to monitor soil moisture contents within 0-100 cm depths at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° slopes in a rainy season. The characteristics of soil moisture were investigated. The change of soil moisture content with time was divided into four stages: soil moisture recovery period (from the beginning of June to the end of June), soil moisture rapid replenishment period (from the beginning of July to the middle of August), soil moisture consumption period (from the middle of August to the end of August) and soil moisture raise period (from the beginning of September to the end of September). Soil moisture content was increased with the increase of soil depths. The soil moisture content had a significant difference and correlation among different depths. The soil moisture content in six sites all appeared the maximum at 100 cm depth with the range of 19.67%-33.82%, while the minimum mostly occurred at 20 cm depth, ranging from 3.07% to 11.71%. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of soil moisture content decreased with the increase of soil depths. The C.V. was the largest at 10 cm depth, ranging from 8.67% to 56.28%, but was the lowest at 100 cm depth, ranging from 0.68% to 14.76%. The soil moisture content generally decreases with the increase of slope. The soil moisture contents within 0-60 cm depths were higher at the 10° slope than those at the other slopes, ranging from 12.20% to 20.40%; the soil moisture contents within 0-100 cm depth were relatively low at 25° slope, ranging from 4.28% to 19.22%. Both rainfall and slope have significant influence on soil moisture content. With the increase of soil depth, the influence of both rainfall and slope on soil moisture content decreased. These results were of great significance for the efficient use of water resources and the improvement of agricultural productivity of cultivated slope land in seasonal arid areas.
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Key words:
- Rainfall /
- Soil moisture content /
- Purple Soil /
- Seasonal arid area
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表 1 土壤水分监测点基本情况
Table 1. Characteristics of soil moisture sampling sites
监测点
Sites坡度(°)
Slope坡位
Slope
position黏粒(%)
Clay粉粒(%)
Silt砂粒(%)
Sand0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 100 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 100 cm 0 ~ 20 cm 20 ~ 40 cm 40 ~ 60 cm 60 ~ 100 cm 1 5 坡上 15.9 10.3 7.4 15.0 9.7 7.4 9.0 9.6 74.4 82.3 83.6 75.4 2 10 坡中 16.9 15.6 16.2 22.1 15.4 12.8 13.4 19.3 67.7 71.6 70.3 58.6 3 15 坡中 18.5 20.5 18.0 32.6 10.5 10.9 9.7 17.8 71.0 68.6 72.3 49.6 4 20 坡中 23.4 22.2 18.5 13.5 15.3 14.7 15.4 11.5 61.3 63.1 66.1 75.0 5 25 坡中 20.2 16.4 22.2 21.0 13.1 10.3 15.8 11.8 66.8 73.3 61.9 67.2 6 30 坡脚 16.9 18.1 25.4 13.9 10.4 12.7 19.3 11.0 72.7 69.2 55.3 75.2 表 2 降雨事件特征
Table 2. The characteristics of rainfall events
月份
Month降雨次数
Rainfall times降雨量(mm)
Rainfall小雨
Light rain中雨
Moderate rain大雨
Heavy rain暴雨
Rainstorm所有雨型
Rainfall events小雨
Light rain中雨
Moderate rain大雨
Heavy rain暴雨
Rainstorm所有雨型
Rainfall events6月 8 4 1 1 14 23 65.8 40 111.8 240.6 7月 12 6 4 1 23 56.3 109.7 132.4 51.8 350.7 8月 6 2 0 1 9 33.8 27.1 0 72.2 133.1 9月 6 3 1 1 11 20.8 47.4 33.4 81.2 182.8 6 ~ 9月累计 32 15 6 4 57 133.9 250 205.8 317 906.7 表 3 不同坡度紫色土耕地不同深度土壤含水量相关系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficient of soil moisture content at different depths of Purple Soil
土壤深度(cm)
Soil depth相关系数
Correlation coefficient降雨量
Rainfall10 cm 20 cm 30 cm 40 cm 60 cm 100 cm 10 0.263** 1 0.636** 0.581** 0.576** 0.269** 0.200** 20 0.108** 0.636** 1 0.480** 0.521** 0.440** 0.545** 30 0.127** 0.581** 0.480** 1 0.766** 0.520** 0.329** 40 0.057 0.576** 0.521** 0.766** 1 0.598** 0.363** 60 0.012 0.269** 0.440** 0.520** 0.598** 1 0.738** 100 −0.014 0.200** 0.545** 0.329** 0.363** 0.738** 1 注:* 显著性水平为P < 0.05;** 显著性水平为P < 0.01。 -
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