Remediation of Lead and Cadmium Contaminated Soil with Chelate-Induced-Beta Vulgaris Var. Cicla L.
-
摘要: 以雄安新区安新县重金属污染农田土壤为供试土壤,以Cd超积累植物红叶菾菜(Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.)为供试植物,设置不同浓度EDTA和柠檬酸(0,2.5,5,7.5,10 mmol kg−1)处理进行盆栽试验,探究螯合诱导-红叶菾菜修复Cd、Pb污染土壤的可行性。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,添加EDTA螯合剂使红叶菾菜生长及生物量均受到抑制,一定浓度柠檬酸处理能显著促进植物生长,5 mmol kg−1柠檬酸处理对植物株高、茎粗及生物量与对照相比的上升比例分别为4.52%、44.07%和50%;(2)添加EDTA螯合剂后土壤中Cd、Pb有效态含量相比对照分别提高了108.61% ~ 235.39%、67.98% ~ 224.16%,柠檬酸处理后土壤Cd、Pb有效态含量最大提高了180.07%、186.01%,EDTA对土壤重金属的活化效率显著高于柠檬酸;(3)通过对红叶菾菜地上部Cd、Pb含量及富集系数比较发现,EDTA更能促进红叶菾菜对Pb的吸收,柠檬酸更能促进红叶菾菜对Cd的吸收;(4)螯合剂处理后土壤中铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加。就本文试验条件、供试材料而言,螯合诱导-红叶菾菜修复铅镉复合污染土壤是可行的。Abstract: In order to clarify the feasibility of chelate-induced-leaf beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L., a hyperaccumulator for Cd) to the remediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminated soil, different concentrations of EDTA and citric acid (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mmol kg−1) were added to soil collected from farmland of Anxin, Xiong'an New District in a pot experiment. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, the addition of EDTA chelating agent inhibited plant growth and biomass, while the citric acid treatment at a certain concentration significantly promoted plant growth. The addition of 5 mmol kg−1 citric acid increased plant height, stem diameter and biomass by 4.52%, 44.07% and 50% (2) The concentrations of available Cd and Pb in soil were increased by 108.61%-235.39% and 67.98%-224.16% after the addition of EDTA chelating agent, and by 180.07% and 186.01% after the addition of citric acid, respectively. The activation efficiency of EDTA on soil heavy metals was significantly higher than that of citric acid. (3) EDTA promoted the absorption of Pb, while citric acid with a certain concentration promoted the absorption of Cd by Beta vulgaris var. cicla L. (4) Ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased significantly after treatment with chelating agent, which showed that soil fertility was not negatively affected. Our study indicated that chelate-induced-Beta vulgris var. cicla L. was practical in the remediation of Pb-Cd contaminated soil.
-
Key words:
- Heavy metal /
- EDTA /
- Citric acid /
- Soil
-
表 1 供试土壤基本理化性质
Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of soil
pH < 0.002 mm粘粒
Percentage of <
0.002 mm clay(%)有机质
Organic matter
(g·kg−1)铵态氮
Ammonium nitrogen
(mg·kg−1)有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg·kg−1)速效钾
Available potassium
(mg·kg−1)重金属(mg·kg−1)
Pollutant content总铅
Total lead总镉
Total cadmium有效态铅
Available lead有效态镉
Available cadmium8.55 30.33 14.74 17.19 33.04 131.78 462.00 3.83 102.00 0.88 表 2 试验处理
Table 2. Treatments of the experiment
处理
Treatment螯合剂
Chelant浓度(mmol kg−1)
Concentration用量(g 盆−1)
DosageCK 无 0 0 CA2.5 CA 2.5 0.788 CA5.0 5.0 1.575 CA7.5 7.5 2.363 CA10.0 10.0 3.150 E2.5 EDTA 2.5 1.395 E5.0 5.0 2.790 E7.5 7.5 4.185 E10.0 10.0 5.580 表 3 添加螯合剂对植物生物量的影响
Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of chelating agents on plant biomass
处理
Treatment鲜重(g 盆−1)
Fresh weight干重(g 盆−1)
Dry weight地上部
Aboveground地下部
Underground地上部
Aboveground地下部
UndergroundCK 12.25 ± 1.01 a 0.91 ± 0.10 a 1.16 ± 0.05 a 0.08 ± 0.01 a E2.5 7.66 ± 0.98 b 0.37 ± 0.02 b 0.82 ± 0.04 b 0.04 ± 0.01 b E5.0 6.72 ± 0.48 bc 0.29 ± 0.02 bc 0.68 ± 0.07 c 0.03 ± 0.01 bc E7.5 5.76 ± 0.42 c 0.20 ± 0.02 cd 0.57 ± 0.06 d 0.02 ± 0.01 bc E10.0 3.10 ± 0.21 d 0.18 ± 0.02 d 0.31 ± 0.02 e 0.01 ± 0.01 d CK 12.25 ± 1.01 cd 0.91 ± 0.10 a 1.16 ± 0.05 d 0.08 ± 0.01 c CA2.5 14.96 ± 0.93 ab 0.93 ± 0.22 a 1.58 ± 0.08 b 0.11 ± 0.01 ab CA5.0 15.91 ± 0.63 a 1.08 ± 0.05 a 1.71 ± 0.02 a 0.13 ± 0.01 a CA7.5 13.46 ± 0.76 bc 0.92 ± 0.04 a 1.39 ± 0.04 c 0.10 ± 0.01 bc CA10.0 10.79 ± 0.76 d 0.85 ± 0.04 a 1.16 ± 0.08 d 0.09 ± 0.01 bc 注:均为平均值 ± 标准差,不同字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著,下同。 表 4 土壤有效态Cd、Pb含量与红叶菾菜植株体Cd、Pb含量的相关系数
Table 4. The correlation coefficients between available Cd and Pb in soil and Cd and Pb in plants
处理
Treatment植物地上部重金属浓度
Concentration of heavy metal in plant abovegroundDTPA-Cd DTPA-Pb EDTA处理 0.953* 0.722 CA处理 0.671 0.770 注:*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。 表 5 施用螯合剂对土壤养分形态的影响
Table 5. Effects of different chelating agents on soil fertility
处理
Treatment铵态氮
Ammonium nitrogen有效磷
Available phosphorus速效钾
Available potassium含量(mg kg−1)
Content上升百分比(%)
Percentage increase含量(mg kg−1)
Content上升百分比(%)
Percentage increase含量(mg kg−1)
Content上升百分比(%)
Percentage increaseCK 17.73 ± 0.49 a 3.16 34.30 ± 0.04 a 3.82 136.78 ± 3.58 a 3.79 E2.5 22.64 ± 0.19 b 31.75 44.59 ± 0.42 b 34.97 157.53 ± 8.20 b 19.54 E5.0 24.75 ± 0.09 bc 43.99 47.34 ± 0.16 bc 43.29 163.32 ± 3.80 b 23.93 E7.5 25.06 ± 0.16 c 45.83 48.39 ± 0.33 bc 46.46 183.40 ± 2.34 bc 39.17 E10 26.84 ± 0.18 c 56.20 49.97 ± 0.56 c 51.24 199.04 ± 7.92 c 51.04 CK 17.73 ± 0.49 a 3.16 34.30 ± 0.04 a 3.82 136.78 ± 3.58 a 3.79 CA2.5 21.07 ± 0.21 b 22.57 36.17 ± 0.10 ab 9.48 142.65 ± 5.81 ab 8.25 CA5.0 22.97 ± 0.04 b 33.63 39.13 ± 0.21 b 18.45 161.84 ± 2.20 b 22.81 CA7.5 23.84 ± 0.02 c 38.74 44.30 ± 0.41 bc 34.08 175.21 ± 5.80 c 32.95 CA10 24.45 ± 0.01 c 42.24 45.30 ± 0.25 c 37.11 181.45 ± 6.34 c 37.68 -
[1] 全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL]. (2014-04-17). http://www.gov.cn/foot/2014-04/17/content_2661768.htm. [2] Solgi E, Eamaili-sari A, Riyahi-bakhtiari A, et al. Soil contamination of metals in the three industrial estates, Arak, Iran[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2012, 88(4): 634 − 638. [3] Arao T, Ishikawa S, Murakami M, et al. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and countermeasures in Japan[J]. Paddy and Water Environment, 2010, 8(3): 247 − 257. doi: 10.1007/s10333-010-0205-7 [4] 宋 波, 张云霞, 庞 瑞, 等. 广西西江流域农田土壤重金属含量特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(9): 4317 − 4326. [5] Niazi N K, Singhh B, Minasny B. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression to estimate soil arsenic at a highly variable arsenic-contaminated site[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, 12(6): 1735 − 1472. [6] Šajn R, Aliu M, Stafilov T, et al. Heavy metal contamination of topsoil around a lead and zinc smelter in Kosovska Mitrovica/Mitrovië, Kosovo/Kosovë[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2013, 134: 1 − 16. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.06.018 [7] 周 静. 重金属污染土壤修复技术的现状和展望—以江西贵溪冶炼厂周边区域土壤修复示范项目为例[J]. 世界环境, 2016, (4): 48 − 53. [8] 黄 林. 冶炼厂周边农田铜镉污染现状及修复效果评价[D]. 安徽农业大学, 2015. [9] Lee J, Sung K. Effects of chelates on soil microbial properties, plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in plants[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2014, 73: 386 − 394. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.053 [10] 刘 星, 刘晓文, 吴颖欣, 等. 农用地重金属污染植物提取修复技术研究进展[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020, 42(4): 507 − 513. [11] Vassil A D, Kapulink Y, Raskin I, et al. The role of EDTA in lead transport and accumulation by indian mustard[J]. Plant Physiology, 1998, 117(20): 447 − 453. [12] Meers E, Tack F M G, Verloo M G. Degradability of ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) in metal contaminated soils: Implications for its use soil remediation[J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 70: 358 − 363. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.044 [13] Luo C, Shen Z, Li X. Enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd with EDTA and EDDS[J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 59: 1 − 11. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.100 [14] Niinae M, Nishigaki K, Aoki K. Removal of Lead from Contaminated Soils with Chelating Agents[J]. Materials Transactions, 2008, 49(10): 2377 − 2382. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.M-MRA2008825 [15] 郑志谦, 张绍玮, 吕文海, 等. 雄安新区设立的特点及驱动意义分析[J]. 现代商贸工业, 2019, 40(4): 41 − 44. [16] 刘佳丽, 成 凯. 雄安新区建设环境分析[J]. 合作经济与科技, 2017, (15): 8 − 10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-190X.2017.15.003 [17] GB 15618—2018, 土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S]. [18] 安玉琴, 裴秀坤, 金 红, 等. 河北省农田土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2016, 32(9): 1235 − 1238. doi: 10.11847/zgggws2016-32-09-26 [19] GB 2762—2017, 食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量[S]. [20] Lai H Y, Chen Z S. Effects of EDTA on Solubility of Cadmium, Zinc, and Lead and Their Uptake By Rainbow Pink and Vetiver Grass[J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 55(3): 421 − 430. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.009 [21] Marschner H, Rormheld V, Kissel M. Different strategies in higher plants in mobilization and uptake of iron[J]. Plant Nutrient, 1986, 9: 695 − 713. doi: 10.1080/01904168609363475 [22] Suthar V, Memon K S, Muhammad M. EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of contaminated calcareous soils: heavy metal bioavailability, extractability, and uptake by maize and sesbania[J]. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 2014, 186: 3957 − 3968. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3671-3 [23] Meers E, Saifullah, Qadir M, et al. EDTA- assisted Pb phytoextraction[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74: 1279 − 1291. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.007 [24] Chen Y H, Li X D, Shen Z G. Leaching and uptake of heavy metals by ten different species of plants during an EDTA-assisted phytoextraction process[J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 57: 187 − 196. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.044 [25] Grcman H, Vodnik D, Velikonja S, et al. Ethylenediaminedissuccinate as a new chelate for environmentally safe enhanced lead phytoextraction[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2003, 32: 500 − 506. doi: 10.2134/jeq2003.5000 [26] 陈英旭, 林 琦, 陆 芳, 等. 有机酸对铅、镉植株危害的解毒作用研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2000, 20(4): 467 − 472. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.2000.04.017