Abstract: The variation of bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere soil of three-year-old Gardenia jasminoides at different growth stages was analyzed, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of high-yield Gardenia J. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of Gardenia J. was different among growth periods. The dominant bacterial genus at the flower bud period was Gemmatimonas, was c_Subgroup_6 at the flowering period, but it was Bryobacter at the fruit expansion period and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia in the fruiting period. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil was similar between the flower bud stage and the full bloom stage, while it was similar between the fruit expansion stage and the full fruit stage. RDA analysis results showed that different soil environmental factors had different effects on the composition of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil. The relative abundances of Gemmatimonadaceae, Candidatus_Solibacter, Sphingomonas and Bryobacter were significantly and positively correlated with pH, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, available potassium, acid phosphatase and acid protease. Consequently, nutrients, enzyme activities, and bacteria community composition in the rhizosphere soil was dynamically changed with growth periods.