徐英德, 裴久渤, 李双异, 邹洪涛, 汪景宽, 张佳宝. 东北黑土地不同类型区主要特征及保护利用对策[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(2): 495 − 504. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023022102
引用本文: 徐英德, 裴久渤, 李双异, 邹洪涛, 汪景宽, 张佳宝. 东北黑土地不同类型区主要特征及保护利用对策[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(2): 495 − 504. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023022102
XU Ying-de, PEI Jiu-bo, LI Shuang-yi, ZOU Hong-tao, WANG Jing-kuan, ZHANG Jia-bao. Main Characteristics and Utilization Countermeasures for Black Soils in Different Regions of Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2023, 54(2): 495 − 504. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023022102
Citation: XU Ying-de, PEI Jiu-bo, LI Shuang-yi, ZOU Hong-tao, WANG Jing-kuan, ZHANG Jia-bao. Main Characteristics and Utilization Countermeasures for Black Soils in Different Regions of Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2023, 54(2): 495 − 504. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023022102

东北黑土地不同类型区主要特征及保护利用对策

Main Characteristics and Utilization Countermeasures for Black Soils in Different Regions of Northeast China

  • 摘要: 东北黑土地是世界主要黑土带之一,是我国粮食作物主产区,在保障国家粮食安全方面贡献极大。近几十年,东北黑土地出现的“变薄、变瘦、变硬”等耕地质量退化问题严重制约了粮食产能的稳步提升。对东北黑土地资源进行合理、科学的认知,并采取有效措施对黑土地进行保护与利用成为该地区农业可持续发展的关键。然而,东北黑土地在地理位置、自然环境、农业生产和土壤资源组成的复杂性,阻碍了黑土地保护利用政策的科学制定和顺利实施。以此为背景,本文根据东北黑土地自然资源条件和农业生产特征,按照区别差异性、归纳共同性的原则,将东北黑土地划分成松嫩平原区、三江平原区、辽河平原区、长白山辽东区、西部风沙区和大小兴安岭区6个类型区,分别概述了不同类型区在气候、地理和土壤组成方面的特征;从气候、农业生产和土壤限制因素等层面探讨了不同类型区面临的主要问题;分析和归纳了当前不同类型区适用的黑土地保护利用模式,以期为协调黑土地保护与产能提升矛盾和合理利用黑土地提供参考。

     

    Abstract: The Black soil region of Northeast China is one of the main Black soil belts in the world. It is the main grain producing area in China and has made great contributions to ensuring national food security. In recent decades, the degradation of cultivated land quality such as “thinning, barrening and hardening” in the Black soil regions has seriously restricted the improvement of grain production capacity. A reasonable and scientific understanding of the black soil resources and taking effective measures to protect and utilize the black soils have become the key to the sustainable development of agriculture. However, the complexity of the geographical location, natural environment, agricultural production, and soil resources in Northeast China has hindered the scientific formulation and smooth implementation of soil protection and utilization policies. In this paper, the Black soil regions were classified into six types: Songnen plain region, Sanjiang plain region, Liaohe plain region, Changbai mountain and eastern Liaoning region, Western sandy region and Daxing'an and Xiaoxing’anling region, The characteristics of geography, climate and soil composition in different types of regions were summarized. The main problems faced by different types of regions were discussed from the aspects of climate, agricultural production and soil limiting factors. The protection and utilization patterns applicable to different types of regions were analyzed and summarized, in order to provide reference for coordinating the contradiction between black soil protection and productive capacity improvement.

     

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