刘新红, 黑若楠, 姚 怡, 罗 佳, 马 艳. 低磷有机肥对土壤磷淋失及空心菜产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(4): 992 − 999. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022100902
引用本文: 刘新红, 黑若楠, 姚 怡, 罗 佳, 马 艳. 低磷有机肥对土壤磷淋失及空心菜产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(4): 992 − 999. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022100902
LIU Xin-hong, HEI Ruo-nan, YAO Yi, LUO Jia, MA Yan. Effect of Phosphorus-Reducing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Phosphorus Leaching Loss and Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) Yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(4): 992 − 999. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022100902
Citation: LIU Xin-hong, HEI Ruo-nan, YAO Yi, LUO Jia, MA Yan. Effect of Phosphorus-Reducing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Phosphorus Leaching Loss and Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) Yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(4): 992 − 999. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022100902

低磷有机肥对土壤磷淋失及空心菜产量的影响

Effect of Phosphorus-Reducing Organic Fertilizer on Soil Phosphorus Leaching Loss and Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) Yield

  • 摘要:
    目的  有机肥减磷对于调控菜地土壤磷素的淋溶风险具有重要意义,然而其阻控磷淋失和稳定蔬菜产量的潜力还不清楚。
    方法  以不施肥和菜地常用高磷含量有机肥(TP 2.03%,HP)为对照,设置总磷含量为1.75%(MHP)、1.32%(MP)和1.06%(LP)3种低磷有机肥处理,进行空心菜设施栽培试验,考察不同处理对于土壤磷素淋溶、土壤磷含量及蔬菜产量的影响。
    结果  空心菜生育前期(第一、二茬)是磷素淋失的关键时期,相比HP处理,低磷有机肥(MHP、MP、LP)处理土壤磷淋失强度第一茬分别降低4%、21%和31%( P < 0.05),第二茬分别显著降低24%、34%和45%;土壤总磷含量第一茬分别下降6.8%、21.2%和19.2%( P < 0.05),土壤有效磷含量分别下降0%、21.6%和20.0%( P < 0.05);空心菜产量不显著降低,第一茬MP和LP处理植株磷含量显著降低。表观分析表明,低磷有机肥处理显著降低了有机肥磷在土壤中的遗存。以土壤总磷和淋溶水总磷浓度进行分段回归分析显示,本实验背景土壤磷淋失阈值为土壤总磷1.19 g kg −1
    结论  低磷有机肥可以有效降低土壤磷淋失强度,显著降低土壤磷遗存,不显著降低蔬菜产量。以实验区土壤为参照,建议在土壤磷高于1.19 g kg −1的土壤中使用磷含量小于1.75%的有机肥,在低于此值的土壤中使用磷含量大于等于1.75%的有机肥。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective  Reducing phosphorus (P) content of organic fertilizer is of great significance to regulate the leaching risk of soil P in vegetable fields. But the potential of P-cutting of organic fertilizer is unclear to stabilize vegetable yield and decrease leaching loss.
    Method  The field experiment was carried out, using high P organic fertilizer(HP, P 2.03%)as a contrast, high-middle P organic fertilizer(HMP, P 1.75%), middle P organic fertilizer(MP, P 1.32%), and low P organic fertilizer(LP, P 1.06%)were tested for the effect on soil P leaching loss, soil P content and vegetable yield.
    Result  The early stage (the first and second crop) was the key period of P leaching loss. The leaching intensities of MHP, MP and LP reduced 4%, 21% and 31%( P < 0.05)compared with HP in the first stage, and 24%, 34% and 45% in the second stage, respectively. The soil total P content decreased 6.8%, 21.2% and 19.2%( P < 0.05)in the first stage, respectively. The soil available P decreased 0%, 21.6% and 20.0%( P < 0.05), respectively. The vegetable yield did not decrease significantly. The vegetable P contents of MP and LP treatments decreased significantly in the first stage. This study indicated soil total P was an alternately index to analyze the intensity of soil P leaching in in situ field. The leaching threshold was 1.19 g kg −1, MP and LP were the low leaching risk treatment, MHP and HP were high leaching risk treatment.
    Conclusion  The P-reduction organic fertilizer may significantly lessened soil P leaching loss intensity, significantly decrease the legacy of P in soil and didn’t decrease significantly vegetable yields. Using the soil P threshold value, the P reduction value and application patterns of organic fertilizer P content are recommended. Thus, it is recommended to use middle P organic fertilizer(P 1.32%)in soil with high P(Soil total P > 1.19 g kg −1), and high-middle P organic fertilizer(P 1.75%)in soil with low P(Soil total P < 1.19 g kg −1).

     

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