Abstract: The soil organic carbon (C) pool is an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem that affects the global C cycle pattern. The quality and quantity of organic C have become the key factors in determining the formation of soil C pools and the emission of greenhouse gas. Grasping accurately the dynamic characteristics and changing mechanisms of organic C components in various stages of hydraulic erosion contributes to the scientific assessment of the net effect of soil erosion on soil C sources and sinks. Based on the basic process of hydraulic erosion, the main dynamic characteristics and migration mechanisms of organic C and its components in the process of detachment-migration-deposition are expounded. It is concluded that future research should focus on soil aggregates and explore the mechanism of selective migration and mineralization of organic C under hydraulic erosion from both qualitative and quantitative levels. The research should focus on the interaction between organic C components and functional microbial components in different erosion processes, in order to provide a breakthrough for the accurate assessment of C dynamics.