李柯衡, 张明华, 贾永霞, 熊　瑞, 谢倚慧, 李　婷, 蒲玉琳, 李　云. 纳米材料对土壤镉生物有效性及小白菜生长、品质的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(4): 930 − 936. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022050402
引用本文: 李柯衡, 张明华, 贾永霞, 熊　瑞, 谢倚慧, 李　婷, 蒲玉琳, 李　云. 纳米材料对土壤镉生物有效性及小白菜生长、品质的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2023, 54(4): 930 − 936. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022050402
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LI Ke-heng, ZHANG Ming-hua, JIA Yong-xia, XIONG Rui, XIE Yi-hui, LI Ting, PU Yu-lin, LI Yun. Effects of Nanomaterials on Cadmium Bioavailability in Soil and Growth and Quality of Brassica chinensis L. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022050402
Citation: LI Ke-heng, ZHANG Ming-hua, JIA Yong-xia, XIONG Rui, XIE Yi-hui, LI Ting, PU Yu-lin, LI Yun. Effects of Nanomaterials on Cadmium Bioavailability in Soil and Growth and Quality of Brassica chinensis L. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022050402
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纳米材料对土壤镉生物有效性及小白菜生长、品质的影响

Effects of Nanomaterials on Cadmium Bioavailability in Soil and Growth and Quality of Brassica chinensis L.

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探究纳米材料对农田土壤镉（Cd）的钝化效果及其对土壤酶活性、作物生长的影响，以期为Cd污染农田的生态修复和农产品安全、优质生产提供参考依据。
      方法  通过盆栽实验，研究了添加纳米生物炭(nBC)、纳米羟基磷灰石(nHAP)和纳米零价铁(nZVI)对土壤化学性质、有效态Cd含量、酶活性以及小白菜体内Cd含量、生长和品质的影响。
      结果  添加nBC、nHAP、nZVI后土壤pH分别提高了0.73、0.72、0.16个单位；同时，nBC显著提高了土壤速效磷和速效钾含量， nHAP显著提高了土壤速效磷含量。与对照相比，nBC、nHAP和nZVI显著降低了土壤DTPA和TCLP提取态Cd含量，降幅分别为46.4%和32.0%、67.9%和41.2%、54.8%和28.9%；而纳米材料显著提高了土壤酶活性，其中脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别为对照的1.50 ~ 3.15倍、1.32 ~ 1.64倍和1.20 ~ 1.39倍。向土壤中添加nBC、nHAP、nZVI后，显著降低了小白菜中Cd含量，提高了小白菜干重和营养品质。其中，地上部、根系Cd含量较对照分别降低了68.4% ~ 78.7%、39.6% ~ 62.0%；可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量较对照的增幅分别为9.61% ~ 57.5%、36.7% ~ 116%、10.9% ~ 41.4%。
      结论  3种纳米材料对土壤中Cd起到了良好的钝化作用，同时提高了土壤酶活性，改善了小白菜的生长状况和营养品质。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  The aims were to explore the passivation effect of nanomaterials on cadmium (Cd) in farmland soil and its impact on soil enzyme activities and crop growth, in order to provide a reference for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated farmland and safe and high-quality production of agricultural products.
      Method  The effects of nano-biochar (nBC), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) on soil chemical properties, the content of available Cd, enzyme activities in soil, and Cd content, growth and quality of Brassica chinensis L. were studied by pot experiment.
      Result  The soil pH increased by 0.73, 0.72 and 0.16 units respectively after the application of nBC, nHAP and nZVI. Meanwhile, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were significantly increased under nBC treatment, while the contents of soil available phosphorus were significantly increased under nHAP treatment. Compared with the control, the contents of DTPA-Cd and TCLP-Cd in soil were significantly reduced by 46.4% and 32.0%, 67.9% and 41.2%, 54.8% and 28.9% after the addition of nBC, nHAP and nZVI. Meanwhile, the nanomaterials significantly improved the soil enzyme activities, the activities of urease, catalase and invertase were 1.50 ~ 3.15 times, 1.32 ~ 1.64 times and 1.20 ~ 1.39 times higher of the control, respectively. After adding nBC, nHAP and nZVI, the content of Cd in Brassica chinensis L. was significantly reduced, and the dry weight and nutritional quality of Brassica chinensis L. were improved. The contents of Cd in shoots and roots of Brassica chinensis L. decreased by 68.4% ~ 78.7% and 39.6% ~ 62.0%, respectively, compared with the control. The increases of soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C were 9.61% ~ 57.5%, 36.7% ~ 116% and 10.9% ~ 41.4%, respectively.
      Conclusion   These results indicate that nBC, nHAP and nZVI could effectively remediate Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the nanomaterials could improve the soil enzyme activities, and improve the growth and nutritional quality of Brassica chinensis L.

     

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