秸秆与生物炭对东北黑土团聚体碳氮磷循环关键酶活性影响

石卓; 邓超; 罗莎莎; 王少杰; 高强

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2022012001

秸秆与生物炭对东北黑土团聚体碳氮磷循环关键酶活性影响

Effects of Straw and Biochar on the Activities of Key Enzymes in Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycle of Aggregates in Northeast Black Soil

摘要

摘要:
目的秸秆与生物炭施用会显著影响土壤酶活性，而不同粒径土壤团聚体微域环境的变化，可能减弱或延缓酶的响应强度，因此探讨土壤团聚体内酶活性对秸秆与生物炭施用的响应十分必要。
方法依托设置在东北黑土已开展五年的田间定位试验，探究每年秸秆还田（SR，5 t hm⁻²）和单次施用生物炭（BR，30 t hm⁻²）以及二者联合（BS，5 t hm⁻² + 30 t hm⁻²）对不同粒径土壤团聚体内碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性的影响。
结果与对照相比，SR显著提高各粒径团聚体中多酚氧化酶和β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性，平均增幅达33.4%和25.6%；而BR则显著提高了 > 2 mm、< 0.25 mm粒径中多酚氧化酶活性及0.25 ~ 2 mm粒径中β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性，平均增幅分别为30.2%、67.4%和44.4%。在氮循环相关酶方面，BR、SR和BS处理均显著增加 > 2 mm、< 0.25 mm粒径中的氧化亚氮还原酶活性，0.25 ~ 2 mm粒径中的硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶、一氧化氮还原酶活性；SR显著提高了 < 0.25 mm粒径中N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性，增幅达35.5%，而BR则显著提高了0.25 ~ 2 mm粒径中N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性，增幅达42.0%。
结论在本试验条件下，以16种酶活性的几何平均数作为酶的综合活性指标发现，秸秆还田显著提高各粒径土壤团聚体中酶活性的几何平均数；而生物炭则显著增加微团聚体中酶活性的几何平均数，却降低了大团聚体中酶活性的几何平均数。因此，从土壤酶活性角度考虑，在东北黑土中，秸秆还田更能促进土壤生物肥力的提高。

Abstract:
Objective Straw and biochar returning significantly affects soil enzyme activities, and changes in the microdomain environment of soil aggregates at different sizes may be attenuated the intensity of enzyme response, so it is necessary to explore the response of enzyme activities within soil aggregates to straw and biochar returning.
Method This study investigated the effects of annual straw returning (SR, 5 t hm⁻²), single application of biochar (BR, 30 t hm⁻²) and combined application of biochar and straw (BS, 5 t hm⁻² + 30 t hm⁻²), on enzyme activities related to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, which was based on a field location trial for five years in black soil.
Result Compared with CK, SR significantly increased polyphenol oxidase and β-1,4-glucosidase activities in all particle sizes with an average increase of 33.4% and 25.6%, while BR significantly increased polyphenol oxidase activities in particles of > 2 mm and < 0.25 mm and β-1,4-glucosidase activities in particle of 0.25 - 2 mm, with an average increase of 30.2%, 67.4% and 44.4%. In terms of nitrogen cycle-related enzymes, BR, SR and BS treatments significantly increased nitrous oxide reductase activities in > 2 mm and < 0.25 mm particle size, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase activities in 0.25 - 2 mm particle size. SR significantly increased N-acetyl-β-D aminoglucosidase activities in < 0.25 mm particle size by 35.5%, while BR significantly increased N-acetyl-β-D-aminoglucosidase activities in 0.25 - 2 mm particle size by 42.0%.
Conclusion The geometric mean of 16 enzyme activities (GMea) was used as an indicator of the combined enzyme activities, and it was found that straw return significantly increased GMea in soil agglomerates of all particle sizes under the present experimental conditions, while biochar significantly increased GMea in micro-aggregates but decreased GMea in macro-aggregates. Therefore, from the perspective of soil enzyme activities, straw return is more effective in promoting soil bio-fertility in northeastern black soils of China, straw return to the soil is more likely to promote the improvement of soil biological fertility.

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