贵州省六盘水市烟田土壤有效硫含量及其空间分布

王忠宇; 张崇德; 杨文钢; 尚军; 李长权; 王仕海; 孔祥镇; 李德成

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021122602

贵州省六盘水市烟田土壤有效硫含量及其空间分布

Contents and Spatial Distribution of Soil Available Sulfur in Tobacco Fields in Liupanshui, Guizhou Province

摘要

摘要:
目的明确贵州省六盘水市烟田土壤有效硫含量及其空间分布特征，科学指导含硫肥料施用。
方法 2021年烤烟移栽和施肥前，在钟山、水城和盘州三个烟区分别采集100、180和220个典型烟田的耕层土壤（0 ~ 20 cm）样品，采用Ca(H₂PO₄)₂-HOAc浸提、BaSO₄比浊法测定有效硫含量，在对土壤有效硫含量水平进行评价和绘制空间分布图的基础上，分析其空间分布特征及影响因素。
结果全市烟田耕层土壤有效硫平均含量为44.67 mg kg⁻¹，属于高级别；其中钟山、水城和盘州有效硫平均含量分别为79.59、23.61和46.03 mg kg⁻¹，分别属于很高级别（≥ 50 mg kg⁻¹）、适宜级别（20 ~ 30 mg kg⁻¹）和高级别（30 ~ 50 mg kg⁻¹），且三个烟区之间差异显著（P < 0.01）。全市土壤有效硫含量适宜的烟田数量仅占烟田总数的9.20%，其中钟山、水城和盘州有效硫含量适宜的烟田数量分别占各自烟田总数的6.00%、10.91%和8.89%，钟山和盘州土壤高硫烟田数量分别占其烟田总数的64.00%和51.82%，水城低硫烟田数量占其烟田总数的63.89%。土壤有效硫含量在空间上呈从钟山的北部和盘州的南部向该区域中部降低的趋势，土壤低硫烟田主要分布于水城的西部和东部以及盘州的中东部，土壤高硫烟田主要分布于钟山、水城中部、盘州北部和南部。土壤有效硫含量与土壤pH、砂粒和粉粒含量之间呈显著负相关（P < 0.01），与黏粒含量之间呈显著正相关（P < 0.01）。
结论六盘水市耕层土壤有效硫含量适宜的烟田数量占烟田总数的比例很低，对于土壤低硫的烟田应适当增大含硫肥料（如硫酸钾和硫酸镁等）用量，土壤高硫的烟田则需降低含硫肥料用量或用氯化钾肥料替代硫酸钾。

Abstract:
Objective The current situation of soil available sulfur (S) contents in tobacco fields was assessed in Liupanshui, Guizhou province, in order to scientifically guide the rational application of S fertilizer.
Method Before the transplanting and fertilization of tobacco in 2020, 100, 220 and 180 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected respectively from typical tobacco fields in Zhongshan (ZS), Panzhou (PZ) and Shuicheng (SC) tobacco-planting regions of Liupanshui, available S contents were determined with Ca(H₂PO₄)₂-HOAc extraction, BaSO₄ turbidimetric method. The abundance or deficiency was assessed according to the grade standard for tobacco-planting suitability. The maps of available S content and grade were drawn on the ArcGIS platform and its spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed.
Results The average content of soil available S was 44.67 mg kg⁻¹ in Liupanshui, which is belonged to the high grade. The mean contents of soil available S were 76.59, 46.03 and 23.01 mg kg⁻¹ in ZS, PZ and SC, respectively, which are belonged to the very high (≥ 50 mg kg⁻¹), high (30-50 mg kg⁻¹) and suitable (20-30 mg kg⁻¹) grades for tobacco-planting, and there were significant differences in soil available S contents among the three regions (P < 0.01). 9.20% of the tobacco fields in total area were suitable in available S content. And 6.00%, 10.91% and 8.89% of the tobacco fields in ZS, PZ and SC were suitable in available S content, respectively. 64.00% and 51.82% of the tobacco fields in ZS and PZ were high in available S content, and 63.89% of the tobacco fields in SC was low in available Si content. The available S contents were decreased from the north of ZS and the south of PZ to the central region. The tobacco fields with low available S content were mainly distributed in the west and east of SC and the central and east of PZ, while the tobacco fields with high available S contents were mainly distributed in ZS, the central of SC, the north and south of PZ. Soil available S has significant negative correlations with pH, sand and silt contents (P < 0.01) and a significant positive correlation with clay contents (P < 0.01).
Conclusion Most tobacco fields are unsuitable in soil available S for tobacco-planting in Liupanshui. The application of S-containing fertilizers (such as K₂SO₄ and MgSO₄, etc.) should be appropriately increased for the S-deficient tobacco fields. While the application of S-containing fertilizers should be appropriately reduced or K₂SO₄ should be partially replaced by KCl for the S-excessive tobacco fields.

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