An Overlooked Issue in Black Soil Protection: Plastic Film Accumulation and Pollution
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摘要: “黑土地保护”作为一项国家战略，已经写进我国“十四五”规划和“2035年远景目标纲要”，中国科学院与东北三省政府签署了“黑土粮仓”科技会战框架协议，全力开展“黑土地保护”科技会战。当前“黑土地保护”科技攻关主要关注提升土壤有机质、降低土壤侵蚀、减少化肥和农药面源污染、推广保护性耕作等热点问题，而黑土地地膜残留与污染已经日渐严重，需要引起社会各界的高度关注和重视。尤其当前“黑土地保护”科技会战中，不能忽视东北地膜碎片（粒径大于5 mm）及微塑料（小于5 mm）的残留与污染问题。本文从东北地区地膜应用及污染概况、地膜残留与污染的影响因素、地膜残留对黑土地农业的危害进行了综述，并提出黑土地地膜污染研究亟待开展的研究方向：（1）摸清东北黑土地地膜残留的分布和数量；（2）明确残膜对作物/蔬菜等农产品安全的负面作用；（3）评价长期地膜覆盖对土壤健康的影响程度。Abstract: “Black Soil Protection”, as a national strategy, was listed into China's the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives through 2035. Chinese Academy of Sciences signed a framework agreement of "Black Soil Granary" with the governments of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China, to fight for black soil protection. At present, “Black Soil Protection” mainly focuses on soil organic matter, soil erosion, non-point source pollution, and conservation tillage. However, plastic film accumulation and pollution is becoming increasingly serious in black soils, which needs to be highly concerned. This paper summarized the current situation of plastic film application and pollution in Northeast China, influencing factors of plastic film pollution, effects of plastic film residues on agriculture in black soils. The future research directions for plastic film accumulation and pollution are: 1) to estimate the amount and distribution of plastic film residue accumulation in Northeast China; 2) to explicit the negative effect of plastic film residue on crop and vegetable safety; 3) to evaluate the effects of long-term plastic film application on soil heath. Current national "Black Soil Protection" should not overlook plastic film accumulation and pollution.
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Key words:
- Black soil protection /
- Plastic film mulch /
- Plastic film pollution
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图 1 2005 ~ 2018年东北地区地膜覆盖面积
吉林、辽宁、黑龙江数据来自2005 ~ 2018的《中国农村统计年鉴》；东四盟包括赤峰市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市和兴安盟，其数据来自2005 ~ 2018的《内蒙古县域经济社会调查年鉴》。2011年东四盟数据缺失。
Figure 1. Areas of plastic film mulching in Northeast China from 2005 to 2018
图 2 1993 ~ 2019年东北三省（a）及2005 ~ 2018年内蒙古东四盟（b）地膜使用量
吉林、辽宁、黑龙江数据来自1993 ~ 2019的《中国农村统计年鉴》；东四盟包括内蒙古自治区赤峰市、通辽市、呼伦贝尔市和兴安盟，数据来自2005 ~ 2018的《内蒙古县域经济社会调查年鉴》。2011年东四盟数据缺失。
Figure 2. The amounts of plastic film mulch used in Northeast three provinces (1993-2019, a) and eastern four cities in Inner Mongolia (2005-2018, b)
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