Determination for the Uniformity of Parent Material of Basalt-developed Soil in the Xinsheng Basin
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摘要: 成土母质的均一性判定是土壤发生研究的必要起点，也是构建土壤时间序列和评价土壤质量变化的先决条件。选取浙江省新嵊盆地典型玄武岩发育土壤剖面为研究对象，采用土壤地理学和元素地球化学方法，通过对土壤剖面的形态特征、颗粒组成、母质不连续性系数、稳定元素Ti与Zr比值以及稀土元素分布模式等指标的分析，进行不同土壤剖面母质均一性的判定。研究结果表明，土壤颜色、结构、根系等土壤剖面形态自下而上呈现均一、渐变特性特征，且所有剖面没有发现异源堆积特征，可以初步直观判定研究剖面的母质均一性；土壤颗粒组成及扣除黏粒后的粗粉粒/中粉粒含量等指标都比较均一，并沿剖面垂直方向呈现较好的渐变趋势；Ti/Zr比值和稀土元素配分模式在不同层次间的分布也没有明显的差异；母质均一性系数均介于−0.6 ~ 0.6之间。因此，研究剖面内与剖面间母质来源相同。Abstract: The homogeneity of parent material during soil formation process is a necessary starting point for the study of soil occurrence, and is also a prerequisite for constructing soil time series and evaluating soil quality change. The morphological characteristics, particle size composition, uniformity of parent material, distribution of rare earth element Ti and Zr and their ratio within typical basalt soil profiles in the Xinsheng Basin, Zhejiang Province were investigated by using the methods of soil geography and element geochemistry, and the uniformity of parent material in different soil profiles were determined. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of soil profile, such as the soil color, structure, root system, showed uniform and gradual characteristics from bottom to top, and no heterogenous accumulation characteristics were found in all profiles, which could preliminarily and intuitively determine the parent material homogeneity of the study profiles; soil grain size composition and coarse/medium silt content after deducting clay particles were relatively uniform, and showed relatively higher vertical direction along the profile. There was no obvious difference between the Ti/Zr ratio and the distribution of rare earth elements at different soil layers. The uniformity coefficient of parent material was between −0.6 and 0.6. Therefore, the source of parent material in the study section is the same as that in the cross section.
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Key words:
- The Xinsheng basin /
- Homogeneity of parent material /
- Soil genesis /
- Rare earth element
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图 2 研究剖面扣除黏粒后的土壤颗粒组成
Figure 2. Composition of particle sizes of clay-free in the soil profiles
图 3 母质均一性系数在土壤剖面中的分布
Figure 3. Distribution of uniformity value for parent material in the soil profile
图 4 土壤剖面稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化曲线
Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized curves of rare earth element （REE） in the studied soil profiles
表 1 新嵊盆地土壤剖面形态特征描述
Table 1. Description of soil profile morphology in the Xinsheng Basin
剖面编号
Profile深度（cm）
Depth发生层
Horizon颜色
Color新生体
New formation结构
Structure根系
Root systemAJX 0 ~ 15 A 7.5YR3/4 少量铁锰结核 团粒状 大量根系 15 ~ 25 B 7.5YR2/4 大量铁锰结核 弱块状 中量根系 25 ~ 50 BC 7.5YR4/3 少量铁锰结核 弱块状 少量根系 50 ~ 100 C 7.5YR5/2 少量铁锰结核 块状 无 SCN 0 ~ 10 A 7.5YR3/4 少量铁锰结核 团粒状 大量根系 10 ~ 19 B 7.5YR4/4 大量铁锰结核 块状 中量根系 19 ~ 39 BC 7.5YR5/6 少量铁锰结核 块状 少量根系 39 ~ 50 C 7.5YR4/6 少量铁锰结核 块状 无 
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表 2 研究剖面土壤的颗粒组成
Table 2. Composition of particle sizes in soil profiles
剖面
Profile深度（cm）
Depth砂粒（%）
Sand粉粒（%）
Silt粉粒组成（%）
Silt composition黏粒（%）
Clay粗粉粒（50 ~ 20 μm）
Coarse silt中粉粒（20 ~ 10 μm）
Medium silt细粉粒（10 ~ 2 μm）
Fine siltAJX 0 ~ 1 11.06 74.41 15.72 18.73 39.96 14.52 1 ~ 4 10.54 75.96 15.24 18.97 41.75 13.50 4 ~ 7 9.13 77.30 14.85 20.81 41.65 13.57 7 ~ 10 9.30 76.30 18.21 21.78 36.31 14.41 10 ~ 15 7.65 74.09 18.01 20.38 35.70 18.26 15 ~ 20 13.98 70.60 20.62 23.44 26.54 15.42 20 ~ 30 6.23 87.74 23.66 26.85 37.23 6.03 30 ~ 40 9.97 83.50 21.70 26.41 35.39 6.53 40 ~ 60 12.57 80.66 19.95 23.30 37.40 6.78 60 ~ 80 38.55 58.68 24.97 22.67 11.05 2.77 80 ~ 100 39.81 57.56 25.12 21.61 10.83 2.63 SCN 0 ~ 1 6.89 78.48 12.92 16.78 48.78 14.63 1 ~ 4 4.52 81.18 13.94 17.65 49.59 14.30 4 ~ 7 7.67 76.56 13.14 17.14 46.28 15.77 7 ~ 10 10.22 69.70 16.87 15.55 37.29 20.07 10 ~ 15 11.83 66.35 17.50 17.54 31.31 21.82 15 ~ 20 15.32 68.69 17.61 18.38 32.70 15.98 20 ~ 30 31.81 59.46 20.20 18.84 20.42 8.74 30 ~ 40 36.80 59.37 20.36 16.99 22.02 3.84 40 ~ 50 41.49 53.51 20.64 16.70 16.17 4.99
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表 3 扣除黏粒的粉粒、粗粉粒、中粉粒以及粗粉粒/中粉粒与钛/锆在剖面中的变异系数
Table 3. Variation coefficients of clay-free silt，coarse silt （CS），medium silt （MS），ratio of CS to MS （CS/RS），and ratio of Ti to Zr （Ti/Zr） in soil profiles
剖面
Profile扣除黏粒的粉粒（%）
Clay-free silt扣除黏粒的粗粉粒（%）
Clay-free CS扣除黏粒的中粉粒（%）
Clay-free MS扣除黏粒的粗粉粒/中粉粒
CS/MS钛/锆
Ti/Zr平均值
M标准差
SD变异系数
CV平均值
M标准差
SD变异系数
CV平均值
M标准差
SD变异系数
CV平均值
M标准差
SD变异系数
CV平均值
M标准差
SD变异系数
CVAJX 83.3 11.92 14.31 22.01 3.19 14.47 24.85 2.47 9.95 0.89 0.13 14.63 83.41 4.19 5.02 SCN 79.4 14.44 18.19 19.61 3.01 15.33 20.03 1.66 8.29 0.99 0.18 18.24 69.80 4.64 6.65 注：M—Mean value；SD—Standard deviation；CV—Coefficient of variation.
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表 4 土壤剖面中钛和锆元素的分布及其比值
Table 4. Distribution of Ti and Zr and their ratio （Ti/Zr） in the soil profile
剖面号
Profile深度（cm）
Depth锆（g kg−1）
Zr钛（g kg−1）
Ti钛/锆
Ti/ZrAJX 0 ~ 5 0.201 17.733 88.09 5 ~ 15 0.198 17.309 87.42 15 ~ 25 0.157 13.082 83.22 25 ~ 50 0.148 12.556 84.64 50 ~ 80 0.132 10.274 77.95 80 ~ 100 0.138 10.952 79.11 SCN 0 ~ 5 0.220 14.442 65.73 5 ~ 10 0.215 14.378 66.74 10 ~ 19 0.185 12.374 66.81 19 ~ 39 0.160 11.942 74.67 39 ~ 50 0.161 12.077 75.05
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