探地雷达技术探测土壤特性的研究进展

王敬朋; 王金满; 张雅馥

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2020042701

探地雷达技术探测土壤特性的研究进展

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2020042701

王敬朋^1,,
王金满^{1, 2, ,},
张雅馥¹

1.
中国地质大学（北京），北京 100083
2.
自然资源部土地整治重点实验室，北京 100035

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（50749032）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
王敬朋（1996−），男，山东省济宁市人，硕士，主要从事土地整治与生态恢复研究。E-mail: wangjingpeng@cugb.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail: wangjinman@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: S152
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- 文章访问数: 498
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-27
- 修回日期: 2021-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-05

Soil Characteristics Measurements with Ground Penetrating Radar: A Review

1.
China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China

摘要

摘要: 总结了探地雷达技术（Ground Penetrating Radar, 简称GPR）使用反射波、地波、反射系数、全波形反演和早期信号分析进行土壤特性研究的方法，在详细介绍基本原理的基础上，通过分析近年来的研究实例展示GPR探测土壤特性的能力和局限性：基于信号速度的分析方法应用广泛，数据获取和处理简单，但结果具有主观性，受实验环境的限制；基于信号幅度的分析方法受水分分布和表面粗糙度的影响，容易出现低估的现象；全波形反演和早期信号分析方法的提出强调了GPR探测中数据获取和处理的重要性，为此应设计新的数值分析模型和数据处理方法，提高数据采集速度和雷达测量精度。
- GPR /
- 土壤含水率 /
- 土壤层深度 /
- 土壤盐分 /
- 土壤质地 /
- 根系
Abstract: This review summarized the methods of estimating soil characteristics using ground penetrating radar (GPR), such as analyses of reflections, ground wave, surface reflection coefficient, full-waveform inversion and early-time signal analysis. This study analyzed the basic principle and method using GPR to detect soil characteristics in detail, and reviewed the ability and limitation of GPR by summarizing latest studies. The approaches based on signal velocity analysis were widely used; however, the results were subjective and limited by the experimental environment. The approaches based on reflection amplitude analysis were limited by varying soil water contents with depths and surface roughness, and which leaded to a decrease in reflection coefficient. The full waveform inversion and early-time signal analysis methods emphasized the importance of data acquisition and processing in detection. More complex numerical analysis models and data processing approaches should be developed to improve data acquisition speed and measurement accuracy.
- GPR /
- Soil water content /
- Soil layer thicknesses /
- Soil salinity /
- Soil texture /
- Root system

HTML全文

图 1 土壤含水率的3D可视化，表面空心椭圆为覆盖植被的位置和大小^[16]

Figure 1. The 3D visualization of soil water content. Open ovals on the surface represent the distribution and size of shrub canopies.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 CMP方法（a）和WARR方法（b）的差异

Figure 2. The differences between the CMP method (a) and the WARR method (b).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 土壤介电常数对早期信号幅度的影响^[74]

Figure 3. Influence of soil dielectric constant on the amplitude of the early-time signal

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 频率峰值的偏移^[89]

Figure 4. The shift in the frequency peak.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 探地雷达技术探测土壤特性的研究汇总

Table 1. Summary of soil characteristics detected using GPR methods.

应用范围 Application	方法 Method	参考文献 Reference
土壤含水率	反射波速度	刘等，2020；赵贵章等，2020；罗古拜等；2019；刘等，2018；Ercoli等，2018；吴志远等，2017；陆等，2017；Koyama等，2017年；刘成禹等，2016；王前锋等，2013；潘等，2012；Steelman等，2012；Wollschlager等，2010；Bradford等，2008。
	地波速度	曹棋等，2020；Koyama等，2017；陆等，2017；Mangel等人；2017；Terry等，2017； Paz等，2017；Mertens等，2016；Ardekani等，2013；Steelman等，2012； Pallavi等，2010；van der Kruk等，2010。
	表面反射系数	金光来等，2020；崔凡等，2018；吴志远等，2017；卢奕竹等，2017；马福建等，2014； Ardekani等，2013；王前锋等，2013；Reppert等，2000。
	全波形反演	Klotzsche等，2018；齐等人；2018；Gueting等，2017；Tran等，2015；Ardekani等，2014； Mourmeaux等，2014；Ardekani等，2013；Minet等，2012；Minet等，2011；Meles等，2010； Muller等，2010；Lambot等，2008；Weihermüller等，2007；Lambot等，2004。
	早期信号分析	崔凡等，2018；Algeo等，2016；Comite等，2016；吴志远等，2015；Comite等，2014； Ardekani等，2013；Di Matteo等，2013；Ferrara等，2013；Pettinelli等，2007；Grote等，2003。
土壤层深度	信号反射技术	李俐等，2020；高强山等，2019；Comas等，2017；Rodriguez-Robles等，2017； Comas等，2017；Simms等；2017张昊等，2016；夏银行等，2016；Andre等，2016；李等，2016；张等，2014；Novakova等，2013；Simeoni等，2009。
土壤层深度	信号反演技术	André等，2016；André等，2015；Buchner等，2012。
有机层厚度		André等，2016；Li等，2015；André等，2015；André，2014；Winkelbauer等，2011。
土壤盐分和质地	早期信号分析表面反射系数	马永辉等，2020；刘成禹等，2016；Rejsek等，2015；Busch等，2014； Benedetto等，2013；Tosti等，2013；何瑞珍等，2011；Meadows等，2006。
土壤根系	信号反射技术	刘等，2018；Rodriguez-Robles等，2017；Simms等，2017；Tanikawa等，2016； Stover等，2016；Borden等，2016；李等，2016；Tardio等，2016；Freeland等，2015；吴等，2014；朱等，2014；郭等，2013；Raz-Yaseef等，2013；崔等，2011。
根直径和生物量		王明凯等，2020；刘等，2018；Rodriguez-Robles等，2017；Simms等，2017 ；李等，2016；Stover等，2016；Tanikawa等，2016；Borden等，2016；崔等，2011。
其他内容		张迪等，2020；罗古拜等，2019；刘等，2018；Comas等，2017； Terry等, 2017；刘等，2016；Walter等，2016。

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表 2 GPR探测土壤含水率的5种方法

Table 2. Five methods of soil moisture estimation using GPR

方法 Methods	适用条件 Applicable conditions	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages
信号速度分析方法 ——反射波	足够的信号穿透力清晰的介电常数对比度明确反射器深度	理论简单易懂广泛用于探测SWC	无法控制测量深度分辨率多偏移量测量操作复杂多通道测量需较大偏移量，会促进电磁波衰减
信号速度分析方法 ——地波	不需要清晰的反射层导波的分散特性	理论简单易懂广泛用于探测SWC	空气波和地波难以区分地波振幅衰减较快出现导波时可能无法识别
信号幅度分析方法 ——表面反射系数	精确的幅度测量高频率天线	−	容易低估介电常数
全波形反演	−	提高地下特征分辨率数据反演计算精度高	受土壤粗糙度和异质性的影响
早期信号分析	GPR信号的早期部分	解决地波空气波难以识别的问题检查波形属性与土壤电磁特性的关系	−

下载: 导出CSV

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