辽宁省阜新市1960 ~ 2019年间风蚀气候侵蚀力变化趋势及影响因素

Trends and Influencing Factors of Wind Erosion Climate Erosivity in Fuxin, Liaoning Province from 1960 to 2019

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 评价阜新市潜在风蚀气候侵蚀力的变化趋势，以期为辽西北地区评估风蚀灾害风险和制定防风固沙策略提供理论支撑。
    方法 基于阜新市气象站点1960 ~ 2019年所观测到的逐日气象数据，利用气候倾向率、并量化风速，相对湿度，气温，降水量等气象因子，分析不同时间尺度上的风蚀气候侵蚀力的变化特征。
    结果 风蚀气候因子指数在季节上的变化表现为春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季。从月份上看，风蚀气候因子指数（C值）从1 ~ 4月逐渐升高并在4月达到最高为7.14，7月达到最低为−0.93。在年尺度上，C值整体呈现显著下降趋势（P < 0.05），年平均值为24.89，年气候倾向率为−2.39/10 a。春季和冬季C值下降趋势显著（P < 0.05），秋季C值下降趋势不显著，夏季C值上升趋势不显著。在年代变化上，1960s出现最高值为53.66，1980s出现最低值为11.26。Mann-Kendall (M-K) 检验结果显示，虽未检测到突变点但阜新市风力侵蚀C值以1966年为起始点开始进入下降阶段，且下降趋势显著。
    结论 近60年来风蚀气候因子指数总体呈现下降趋势，说明阜新市整体的风蚀气候侵蚀力在下降；风速是决定风蚀气候侵蚀力强度的首要驱动因子，其贡献显著高于降水量和相对湿度等气候因子，降水与湿度因子与风蚀力的相关性较弱。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to evaluate the change trend of potential wind erosion climatic erosivity in Fuxin to provide theoretical support for assessing wind erosion disaster risks and formulating desertification prevention strategies in northwestern Liaoning Province.
    Methods Daily meteorological data observed at the Fuxin meteorological station from 1960 to 2019 were used. By applying the climate tendency rate and quantifying meteorological factors such as wind speed, precipitation, and relative humidity, the variation characteristics of wind erosion climatic erosivity across different time scales were analyzed.
    Results The results indicated that the seasonal variation of the wind erosion climate factor index followed as the order: spring > winter > autumn > summer. On a monthly scale, the wind erosion climate factor index (C-value) gradually increased from January to April, reaching its peak of 7.14 in April, and dropped to its lowest value of −0.93 in July. At the annual scale, the C-value showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05), with an annual average of 24.89 and a climatic tendency rate of −2.39 per decade. The decreasing trends in spring and winter were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while the declining trend in autumn and the increasing trend in summer were not significant. In terms of inter-decadal variation, the highest C-value of 53.66 occurred in the 1960s, and the lowest value of 11.26 appeared in the 1980s. The results of Mann-Kendall (M-K) test showed that, although no abrupt change point was detected, the wind erosion C-value in Fuxin began to enter a declining phase starting from 1966, with a statistically significant downward trend.
    Conclusion Overall, the wind erosion climatic factor index showed a declining trend over the past 60 years, indicating a reduction in wind erosion climatic erosivity in Fuxin. Wind speed was identified as the dominant climatic factor influencing wind erosion climatic erosivity, with no significant correlation observed with precipitation or relative humidity.

     

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