水稻田临时转换草皮田对土壤健康的影响

苏国荟; 周萍; 谷雨; 曹威; 盛浩

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2025120701

摘要:

目的分析水稻田临时改为“非粮化”草皮田对土壤健康相关的物理化学生物学指标的影响，探究土壤健康对水稻田临时转换为草皮田的响应规律。

方法选取长沙城郊区长期种植水稻的河砂泥田以及由此转换而来的毗邻草皮田（5年）作为研究对象，应用“空间换时间”和大田配对试验设计方法，于2023年冬采集0 ~ 15 cm表层土样，测定土壤紧实度、团聚体、pH、有机质、速效氮磷钾、土壤呼吸、ACE蛋白等土壤物理、化学、生物学性质共27项指标，并应用最小数据集法（MDS）、康奈尔土壤健康评价法（CASH）、土壤多功能性指数和Haney土壤健康测试（2018 HSHT）构建土壤健康指数。

结果与水稻田相比，草皮田土壤容重和紧实度分别显著高出41% ~ 50%与4倍；而耕层厚度、有效含水量、渗透速率、土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、水溶性有机氮和ACE蛋白含量分别显著低45% ~ 50%、60% ~ 61%、96%，48% ~ 66%、55% ~ 77%、53% ~ 77%、61% ~ 87%和27% ~ 60%。最小数据集法、康奈尔土壤健康评价法、土壤多功能性指数和Haney土壤健康测试4种土壤健康评价方法均表明水稻田临时改种草皮5年后，土壤健康指数分别为0.09 ~ 0.19、46 ~ 53、0.2和0.01，分别显著低出72% ~ 91%、30% ~ 36%、67% ~ 74%和89% ~ 99%。

结论水稻田临时改植草皮对土壤健康产生了显著的负面效应，其核心驱动机制是草皮收获导致的“耕层剥离”。因此，水稻田改植草皮这类“非粮化”利用方式可能存在一定的生态风险。

Abstract:

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the response patterns of soil health to this temporary land-use conversion by employing a paired field experiment to analyze the impact of temporarily converting paddy fields to "non-grain" turf fields on soil health-related physical, chemical, and biological indicators.

Method A long-term rice-planted alluvial sandy paddy soil and an adjacent temporarily (5-year) converted turf field in the suburban area of Changsha were selected as research subjects. Using a "space-for-time" substitution approach and a paired field experiment, topsoil samples (0-15 cm) were collected in the winter of 2023. A total of 27 soil physical, chemical and biological indicators, including compaction, soil aggregates, pH, soil organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, soil respiration, and the ACE protein index, were measured. Soil health indices were constructed using the Minimum Data Set (MDS), the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CASH), the Soil Multifunctionality Index, and the Haney Soil Health Test (2018 HSHT).

Result Compared to the paddy field, the turf field exhibited systematic degradation in soil health. Soil bulk density and compaction increased significantly by 41%-50% and 4 times, respectively. Conversely, plow layer thickness, available water capacity, infiltration rate, and the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, water-extractable organic nitrogen, and the ACE protein index decreased significantly by 45%-50%, 60%-61%, 96%, 48%-66%, 55%-77%, 53%-77%, 61%-87% and 27%-60%, respectively. Multiple assessment methods (MDS, CASH, Soil Multifunctionality Index, and 2018 HSHT) consistently indicated a significant decline in soil health after conversion, with soil health indices measured at 0.09-0.19, 46-53, 0.2 and 0.01, representing significant reductions of 72%-91%, 30%-36%, 67%-74% and 89%-99%, respectively.

Conclusion The temporary conversion of paddy fields to turf fields imposed significant negative effects on soil health. The core driving mechanism of which was the"topsoil stripping" caused by turf harvesting. Therefore, such "non-grain" land-use conversions (paddy-to-turf conversion) might pose certain ecological risks.

水稻田临时转换草皮田对土壤健康的影响

Effect of Conversion of Rice Paddy to Turfgrass Planting on Soil Health