微生物源人工合成腐殖酸对黑钙土土壤磷组分的影响

Effects of Microbial-sourced Artificially Synthesized Humic Acid on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Different Soil Layers

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 解决黑钙土因钙含量高导致的土壤磷素有效性低问题，明确微生物源人工合成腐殖酸（AHA）对该土壤不同土层磷组分的调控效应。
    方法 采用室内恒温培养试验，以黑钙土0 ~ 10 cm（U层）、10 ~ 20 cm（M层）、20 ~ 30 cm（D层）土壤为研究对象，设置不添加AHA的对照组（CK）与添加AHA的处理组，分析AHA对各土层磷组分的影响。
    结果 AHA对不同土层磷素组分影响存在显著差异，整体表现为M层 > U层 > D层。U层中，AHA使NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po含量较CK分别增加41.2%和44.8%，NaOH-Pi仅增加12.7%，Res-P下降9.3%；M层中，AHA使总有机碳与电导率增加且维持pH中性偏碱，NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po、NaOH-Po和Res-P含量较CK分别增加97.0%、92.3%、15.0%和22.6%；D层土壤较紧实，限制了AHA下渗，对环境因子响应微弱，NaHCO3-Pi/Po、NaOH-Pi较CK分别增加29.3%、24.4%和61.5%，对其他磷组分影响较小。相关性分析显示，AHA增强总氮与Res-P、硝态氮与NaHCO3-Pi/Po的正相关性及颗粒有机碳与部分磷组分的负相关性；环境因子通过协同（如M层TOC与EC）与拮抗（如U层pH与EC）作用调控磷储量与敏感度，且M层协同效应最显著。
    结论 AHA可通过优化黑钙土物理化学性质提高磷素的有效性，实践中可尝试采用“中层定向施用AHA”提升土壤磷素利用率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to address the issue of decreased phosphorus availability in chernozem caused by long-term improper tillage, and to clarify the regulatory effects of microbial-sourced artificially synthesized humic acid (AHA) on phosphorus fractions in different soil layers of this soil.
    Method A laboratory constant-temperature incubation experiment was conducted with chernozem samples from different soil layers (0-10 cm: U layer, 10 - 20 cm: M layer, 20 - 30 cm: D layer) as the research objects. Two groups were set up: a control group (CK) without AHA application; b treatment groups with AHA addition. The effects of AHA on phosphorus fractions in each soil layer were analyzed.
    Result AHA exerted significant differences in its effects on phosphorus fractions across different soil layers, showing an overall trend of M layer > U layer > D layer. In the U layer, AHA increased NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po by 41.2% and 44.8% compared with CK. However, the pH increased to 8.0, which resulted in only 12.7% increase in NaOH-Pi and 9.3 % decrease in Res-P. In the M layer, AHA promoted the synergistic increase of total organic carbon (TOC) and electrical conductivity (EC) while maintaining a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Compared with CK, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po, and Res-P increased by 97%, 92.3%, 15%, and 22.6%, respectively. In the D layer, soil compaction restricted the infiltration of AHA, leading to a weak response of environmental factors. NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, and NaOH-Pi increased by 29.3%, 24.4%, and 61.5 %, respectively. While the effects on other phosphorus fractions were minimal. Correlation analysis showed that AHA enhanced the positive correlations between total nitrogen and Res-P, between nitrate nitrogen and NaHCO3-Pi/Po, as well as the negative correlations between particulate organic carbon(POC)and some phosphorus fractions. Environmental factors regulated phosphorus storage and sensitivity through synergistic effects (e.g., TOC and EC in the M layer) and antagonistic effects (e.g., pH and EC in the U layer), with the most significant synergistic effect observed in the M layer.
    Conclusion AHA can improve phosphorus availability in chernozem by optimizing its physicochemical environment. In practice, targeted application of AHA in the middle soil layer can enhance the utilization efficiency of soil phosphorus.

     

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