含钙添加剂处理秸秆腐解产物对设施栽培土壤微生物的调控

Regulation of Soil Microorganisms in Protected Cultivation by Straw Decomposition Products Treated with Calcium-Containing Additives

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究不同含钙添加剂处理水稻秸秆腐解产物对设施栽培土壤微生物的影响，为设施栽培土壤改良提供理论依据。
    方法 以设施栽培土壤为研究对象进行温室盆栽实验，设置3个处理，以单施化肥（CK）为对照，在CK基础上添加Ca(OH)2腐解秸秆产物（HCa）、CaC2O4腐解秸秆产物（OCa）为处理，测定盆栽实验30天后土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构。
    结果 添加Ca(OH)2腐解产物和CaC2O4腐解产物可显著提高土壤pH值、降低交换性酸（EA）含量，其中添加Ca(OH)2腐解产物还显著降低可溶性盐（TSS）含量，CaC2O4腐解产物则显著提高全氮（TN）和速效磷（AP）。土壤优势细菌类群为Proteobacteria（变形菌门）、Gemmatimonadota（芽单胞菌门）和Actinobacteriota（放线菌门），真菌以Ascomycota（子囊菌门）为主。添加Ca(OH)2腐解产物处理富集了Cellvibrionaceae（γ-变形菌门）和Saprospiraceae（拟杆菌门），CaC2O4腐解产物处理富集Nocardiaceae（诺卡氏菌科）和Microbacteriaceae（微杆菌科）。细菌群落受pH、速效钾（AK）、EA调控，而真菌群落主要受pH影响。
    结论 不同含钙添加剂处理秸秆腐解产物对设施栽培土壤养分和微生物多样性等均有不同程度改善效果，添加Ca(OH)2腐解产物可显著提高土壤pH、降低可溶性盐含量并且富集有益细菌科，添加CaC2O4腐解产物可显著提高土壤AP含量。研究表明，通过调控土壤pH等关键环境因子，不同钙源秸秆腐解产物可定向富集具有特定生态功能的微生物类群，从而实现土壤微生态的改善。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aims were to explore the effects of rice straw decomposition products treated with different calcium-containing additives on soil microorganisms in protected cultivation, and to provide a theoretical basis for soil improvement in protected cultivation.
    Method A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with protected cultivation soil as the research object. Three treatments were set up, with chemical fertilizer alone (CK) used as the control. Based on CK, two additional treatments were established: one with rice straw decomposition products treated with Ca(OH)2 (HCa) and the other with rice straw decomposition products treated with CaC2O4 (OCa). Thirty days after the pot experiment, soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil microbial community structure were determined.
    Result The addition of rice straw decomposition products treated with Ca(OH)2 and CaC2O4 significantly increased soil pH and reduced exchangeable acid (EA) content. Among them, the addition of Ca(OH)2-treated decomposition products also significantly decreased total soluble salt (TSS) content, while CaC2O4-treated decomposition products significantly increased total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) contents. The dominant bacterial phyla in the soil were Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, and Actinobacteriota, and the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota. The treatment with Ca(OH)2-treated decomposition products enriched Cellvibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) and Saprospiraceae (Bacteroidota), whereas the treatment with CaC2O4-treated decomposition products enriched Nocardiaceae and Microbacteriaceae. The bacterial community was regulated by pH, available potassium (AK), and EA, while the fungal community was mainly affected by pH.
    Conclusion Rice straw decomposition products treated with different calcium-containing additives improve the nutrient status and microbial diversity of protected cultivation soil to varying degrees. The addition of Ca(OH)2-treated decomposition products significantly increases soil pH, reduces soluble salt content, and enriches beneficial bacterial families, while the addition of CaC2O4-treated decomposition products significantly increases soil AP content.

     

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