基于RUSLE2模型的辽西北地区水土保持措施效益评价

Assessing the Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Northwest Liaoning Using the RUSLE2 Model

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 定量评估辽西北地区水土保持措施的减蚀效益，验证修订版通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE2模型）在该区域的适用性，并探索区域水土保持措优化施配置模式。
    方法 以辽西北5个野外径流观测站的侵蚀观测数据为基础，基于RUSLE2模型模拟不同水土保持措施下的土壤侵蚀量，并通过Spearman秩相关系数检验模拟值与实测值在减蚀效益排序上的一致性，进一步评估RUSLE2模型对不同水土保持措施配置减蚀效益的表征能力。
    结果 工程措施效果差异显著：梯田的侵蚀防控效果最优（P = 0.008 ~ 0.01），依次为台田（P = 0.06 ~ 0.07），水平槽、地埂植物带（P = 0.30 ~ 0.40），鱼鳞坑（P = 0.75）。裸地C因子最高（0.96），农作物类花生（0.48 ~ 0.57）> 大豆（0.40）> 玉米（0.26 ~ 0.39），果树为0.025 ~ 0.10，林草及自然恢复地最低（0.013）。梯田 + 耕作体系减蚀率达74%以上，实现粮食安全与水土保持双赢；经果林措施（台田/水平槽）兼具经济效益与生态功能；油松－荆条自然恢复减蚀率达100%，展现最优生态修复效能。各观测站实测值与模拟值的减蚀率排序秩相关性较高，Spearman ρ均值为0.747；模型在生物－工程复合措施下表现较优；经果林措施的减蚀效益评估存在一定偏差，Spearman秩相关较低；传统耕作措施虽有高估或低估，但其秩相关排序保持稳定。
    结论 RUSLE2模型在辽西北地区具有良好的适用性，因此在实测数据受限的情况下，可作为水土保持效益评估与优化配置的有效工具。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aimed to quantitatively assess the erosion reduction benefits of soil and water conservation measures in Northwest Liaoning, to evaluate the applicability of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 (RUSLE2) model, and to explore optimal configurations for regional soil and water conservation strategies.
    Methods Based on erosion observation data from five field runoff plots, the RUSLE2 model was employed to simulate soil erosion under different conservation measures. The consistency between simulated and observed erosion reduction benefits was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
    Results Significant differences were observed in the effectiveness of engineering measures. Terraced fields exhibited the highest erosion control performance (P = 0.008 - 0.01), followed by terraced plots (P = 0.06 - 0.07), horizontal trenches and vegetated swales (P = 0.30 - 0.40), and fish-scale pits (P = 0.75). The cover management (C) factor was the highest for bare land (0.96), followed by croplands (peanuts: 0.48 - 0.57; soybeans: 0.40; corn: 0.26 - 0.39). Fruit trees ranged from 0.025 to 0.10, while forest-grasslands and naturally restored areas showed the lowest values (0.013). The combined system of terraced fields and cropping achieved an erosion reduction rate exceeding 74%, demonstrating dual benefits for food security and soil conservation. Orchard measures (terraces/horizontal trenches) effectively balanced economic and ecological benefits, whereas natural restoration areas (Pinus tabulaeformis-Genus Vitex) achieved 100% erosion reduction, indicating optimal ecological restoration. A strong rank correlation was found between simulated and observed erosion reduction rates (mean Spearman ρ = 0.747). The model performed best for bio-engineering composite measures but slightly underestimated the effectiveness of orchard measures. For traditional farming measures, the rank correlation remained stable despite occasional deviations.
    Conclusion The RUSLE2 model demonstrated reliable applicability in Northwest Liaoning. Therefore, under conditions of limited measured data, the model can serve as an effective tool for assessing and optimizing soil and water conservation benefits.

     

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