三江平原区白浆土稻田施肥效应及推荐施肥量研究

田沛绮; 王萍; 尹显洪; 沈建平; 隋玉刚; 李鹏绯; 刘亚龙; 王秋菊; 汪景宽

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2024120903

三江平原区白浆土稻田施肥效应及推荐施肥量研究

Fertilization Effects and Recommended Fertilization Rates for Albic Soil-derived Paddy Fields in the Sanjiang Plain Region

摘要

摘要:
目的水稻施肥不平衡会导致水稻的产量和品质下降，明确氮（N）、磷(P)、钾(K)不同施肥量和配施比例对促进三江平原白浆土稻田化肥合理施用具有重要意义。
方法通过三个水稻生产农场的“3414”不完全实施正交试验，对水稻氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥效应进行研究，同时对水稻产量进行肥效模型拟合。
结果茎叶平均产量最高为N₂P₃K₂处理（165.00 N kg hm⁻²，202.50 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²，150.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²），而籽粒平均产量最高的为N₂P₂K₂处理（165.00 N kg hm⁻²，135.00 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²，150.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²）。利用单肥效应函数拟合发现，单施氮量分别为185.97和167.98 N kg hm⁻²时，或单施磷量分别为79.43和68.46 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²时，或单施钾量分别为161.17和116.18 K₂O kg hm ⁻²时，均可以达到经济最佳施肥量和最高产量施肥量。利用双肥互作效应函数拟合发现，当氮磷肥施用量分别为247.50 N kg hm⁻²和135.00 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²时，或氮钾肥施用量分别为165.00 N kg hm⁻²和225.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²时，或磷钾肥施用量分别为82.50 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²和75.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²时，可以达到水稻最高产量施肥量。利用三肥复合效应函数拟合发现，施氮量、施磷量和施钾量分别为164.20 N kg hm⁻²、81.90 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²、132.21 K₂O kg hm⁻²时，可达水稻最高产量施肥量；而施氮量、施磷量和施钾量分别为153.74 N kg hm⁻²、78.59 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²、130.81 K₂O kg hm⁻²时，可达水稻经济最佳施肥量。
结论三江平原白浆土稻田氮磷钾推荐施肥量是153.74 N kg hm⁻²、78.59 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻²、130.81 K₂O kg hm⁻²，最佳比例为42.34%N、21.64%P₂O₅、36.02%K₂O，预期产量为9358 kg hm⁻²。

Abstract:
Objective Rice is the largest food crop in China, but imbalanced fertilization can lead to reduced yield and quality. This study investigates the effects of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application rates and their ratios on rice yield, aiming to guide rational fertilizer application in Albic soil-derived paddy fields of the Sanjiang Plain.
Methods A “3414” incomplete orthogonal regression design was implemented across three rice production farms to determine optimal fertilization effects of N, P, and K. Fertilizer efficiency models were fitted to analyze rice yield responses.
Results The N₂P₃K₂ treatment (165.00 N kg hm⁻², 202.50 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻², 150.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²) achieved the highest average stem-leaf yield, while N₂P₂K₂ (165.00 N kg hm⁻², 135.00 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻², 150.00 K₂O kg hm⁻²) produced the maximum grain yield. Single-factor effect modeling revealed economic optimal rates of 185.97/167.98 N kg hm⁻² for nitrogen, 79.43/68.46 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻² for phosphorus, and 161.17/116.18 K₂O kg hm⁻² for potassium to attain maximum economic returns and yield. Dual-factor interaction modeling identified peak yield at 247.50 N kg hm⁻² and 135.00 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻² (N-P), 165.00 N kg hm⁻² and 225.00 K₂O kg hm⁻² (N-K), and 82.50 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻² and 75.00 K₂O kg hm⁻² (P-K). Tri-factor composite modeling determined maximum yield fertilization at 164.20 N kg hm⁻², 81.90 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻² and 132.21 K₂O kg hm⁻², with economic optimal rates of 153.74 N kg hm⁻², 78.59 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻² and 130.81 K₂O kg hm⁻².
Conclusion Recommended fertilization rates for Albic soil-derived paddy fields in Sanjiang Plain are 153.74 N kg hm⁻², 78.59 P₂O₅ kg hm⁻², and 130.81 K₂O kg hm⁻², with an optimal NPK ratio of 42.34% N : 21.64% P₂O₅ : 36.02% K₂O, achieving an expected yield of 9,358 kg hm⁻².

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